USE OF ION ASSOCIATION COMPLEX FORMATION FOR THE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF ITOPRIDE HCL IN BULK AND ITS PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS

Objective: The authors report two simple, accurate and economic spectrophotometric methods A and B for the determination of Itopride hydrochloride in bulk and dosage forms.Methods: The proposed methods are based on the formation of chloroform soluble ion-associates in the presence of acidic dyes namely BPB (Method A) and BCP (Method B) exhibiting lmax at 418 and 418 nm respectively.Results: Beer's law is found to be obeyed in the concentration range of 2.0-10.0 µg/ml and 2.0-10.0 µg/ml. The molar absorptivities are found to be 1.42x104 and 9.61x103L/mol. cm for methods A and B. These methods are successfully applied for the assay of Itopride hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations

FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF DAPAGLIFLOZIN AND SAXAGLIPTIN BILAYERED TABLETS

Dapagliflozin (DG) is a sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor and Saxagliptin (SG) is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor. The aim of the present work is to formulate a bilayered tablet (BT) of DG as immediate release (IR) layer and SG as sustained release (SR) layer by direct compression method for the effective treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type and concentration of superdisintegrant among [sodium starch glycolate (SSG)/Lycoat RS720/ Ludiflash] was optimized to enhance the dissolution rate (DR) of DG from the IR layer of BT. Type and concentration of SR polymer among (Carbapol 940/ Karaya gum/ HPMC K15M) was optimized to extend the release of SG up to 12 h with zero order release profile from the SR layer of BT. It was concluded that the optimization of the ratio of SG: SR polymer (HPMC K15M), had significant effect on extending the release profiles of SG. The ratio of SG: HPMC K15M at 1:18 respectively forms a better matrix for the extending the release of SG up to 12 h from the SR layer of BT. The optimized formulation; BT9 [IR9 (6% w/w Ludiflash as superdisintegrant and SR9 (with 60% HPMC K15M as SR polymer)] releases 100% of DG from the IR layer with in 45 min and extends the release of SG up to 12 h with a better zero order release profile (r2=0.994). It passes the accelerated stability studies as per ICH guidelines. A combination of these two classes [SGLT-2 inhibitors (DG) and DPP-4 inhibitors (SG)] of glucose-lowering agents and formulating them as a BT is more effective in the treatment and maintenance of type 2 diabetes mellitus

EVALUATION OF ANTIPYRETIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF WEDELIA TRILOBATA

The aim of present study was to investigate antipyretic activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Wedelia trilobata in yeast induced pyrexia in wistar albino rats. In which pyrexia was induced by an intraperitonial injection of 20% brewer’s yeast (10 ml/kg b.wt.). The body temperature of rats were measured before the injection of yeast and injected ethanolic extract of leaves of Wedelia trilobata (100 mg/kg b.wt.) and (200 mg/kg b.wt.) and followed by treatment with paracetamol (150 mg/kg b.wt.). The body temperature of experimental animals were recorded in the time interval of 0 hr, 1 hr, 2 hr and 3 hr with help of digital clinical thermometer which is placed in rectum in the depth of 2 cm and recorded body temperature values shown that the leaves extract of of Wedelia trilobata possess antipyretic activity

Crop Yield Prediction Using Gradient Boosting Neural Network Regression Model

The finest utility sector is agriculture, especially in emerging nations like India. Utilizing historical data in agriculture can change the context of decision-making and increase farmer productivity. Approximately a part of India's population is employed in agriculture, however this sector contributes just 14% of the country's GDP. This can be explained in part by farmers not making sufficient decisions on yield forecast. By examining numerous climatic elements, such as rainfall, and land characteristics, such as soil type and ground water salinity, as well as historical records of crops cultivated, the suggested machine learning technique tries to estimate the agricultural yield for a certain location. Finally, we anticipate that our proposed Machine Learning Gradient Boosting Neural Network Regression (Grow Net) model was predicting the accurate yield. Finally our system is expected to predict the yield based on dataset we have taken. We were compared our proposed algorithm with various Machine Learning algorithms such as Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, KNN, Multi-layer Perceptron Regressor, Gradient Boosting Regressor and results shows that proposed was given best RMSE ,MAE and R2 value

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY INDICATING HPLC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ULIPRISTAL ACETATE IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM

A simple, novel, precise and accurate stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the estimation of Ulipristal Acetate in pharmaceutical dosage form. A Phenoxneome C18 (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column was used as stationary phase with mobile phase consisting of 0.1% ortho phosphoric acid and acetonitrile in the ratio of 50:50 v/v (pH was adjusted to 4.0 with triethyl amine). The flow rate was maintained at 1.0 mL/min and effluents were monitored at 223 nm. The retention time was 1.895 min. The linearity of the method was observed in the concentration range of 20-100 µg/mL with correlation coefficient of 0.999. The method developed was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, system suitability and forced degradation studies like acidic, alkaline, oxidative and neutral stress conditions were performed as per ICH guidelines. The results obtained in the study were within the acceptable limits and hence this method can be used for the estimation of Ulipristal Acetate in pharmaceutical dosage form

UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ALPRAZOLAM AND MEBEVERINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK DRUG AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION

A simple, accurate, precise, sensitive, rapid and economical spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of Alprazolam (ALP) and Mebeverine HCl (MBH) in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulation. The estimation of these drugs was carried out by using 0.1M HCl as a solvent. The wavelength maxima for Alprazolam and Mebeverine HCl were found to be 262.3 nm and 222.5 nm. The linearity range was observed in the concentration range of 3-15 µg/ml for both drugs and regression equation was found to be for ALP 0.0565x+0.0138 and for MBH 0.049x-0.0126. Percentage recoveries for Alprazolam and Mebeverine HCl were found to be 99.84% and 99.47% respectively. % RSD values for Intra-day precision were found to be for ALP 1.18% and for MBH 0.59%. Inter-day precision %RSD values were found to be for ALP 0.94% and for MBH 0.69%. LOD was found to be for ALP 1.42 (µg/ml) and for MBH 2.1542 (µg/ml). LOQ was found to be for ALP 4.3242 (µg/ml) and for MBH 6.5442 (µg/ml). The %Assay of Alprazolam and Mebeverine HCl were found to be 99.20% and 100.02% respectively. Statistical analysis proved that the developed method can be successfully used for simultaneous analysis of Alprazolam and Mebeverne HCl in pure and tablet dosage forms

Japanese Encephalitis Outbreak, India, 2005

An outbreak of viral encephalitis occurred in Gorakhpur, India, from July through November 2005. The etiologic agent was confirmed to be Japanese encephalitis virus by analyzing 326 acute-phase clinical specimens for virus-specific antibodies and viral RNA and by virus isolation. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these isolates belonged to genogroup 3

Transcriptomic profile of host response in Japanese encephalitis virus infection

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Japanese encephalitis (JE) is one of the leading causes of acute encephalopathy with the highest mortality rate of 30-50%. The purpose of this study was to understand complex biological processes of host response during the progression of the disease. Virus was subcutaneously administered in mice and brain was used for whole genome expression profiling by cDNA microarray.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The comparison between viral replication efficiency and disease progression confirms the active role of host response in immunopathology and disease severity. The histopathological analysis confirms the severe damage in the brain in a time dependent manner. Interestingly, the transcription profile reveals significant and differential expression of various pattern recognition receptors, chemotactic genes and the activation of inflammasome. The increased leukocyte infiltration and aggravated CNS inflammation may be the cause of disease severity.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This is the first report that provides a detailed picture of the host transcriptional response in a natural route of exposure and opens up new avenues for potential therapeutic and prophylactic strategies against Japanese encephalitis virus.</p

Yeast expressed recombinant Hemagglutinin protein of Novel H1N1 elicits neutralising antibodies in rabbits and mice

Currently available vaccines for the pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 produced in chicken eggs have serious impediments viz limited availability, risk of allergic reactions and the possible selection of sub-populations differing from the naturally occurring virus, whereas the cell culture derived vaccines are time consuming and may not meet the demands of rapid global vaccination required to combat the present/future pandemic. Hemagglutinin (HA) based subunit vaccine for H1N1 requires the HA protein in glycosylated form, which is impossible with the commonly used bacterial expression platform. Additionally, bacterial derived protein requires extensive purification and refolding steps for vaccine applications. For these reasons an alternative heterologous system for rapid, easy and economical production of Hemagglutinin protein in its glycosylated form is required. The HA gene of novel H1N1 A/California/04/2009 was engineered for expression in Pichia pastoris as a soluble secreted protein. The full length HA- synthetic gene having α-secretory tag was integrated into P. pastoris genome through homologous recombination. The resultant Pichia clones having multiple copy integrants of the transgene expressed full length HA protein in the culture supernatant. The Recombinant yeast derived H1N1 HA protein elicited neutralising antibodies both in mice and rabbits. The sera from immunised animals also exhibited Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) activity. Considering the safety, reliability and also economic potential of Pichia expression platform, our preliminary data indicates the feasibility of using this system as an alternative for large-scale production of recombinant influenza HA protein in the face of influenza pandemic threat